Cyanide Toxicity
OI Analytical has been the leader in cyanide analysis instrumentation since 1990. Research supported by OI has made significant contributions to the science of cyanide analysis and the reliability of cyanide testing methods. In this third edition of the Cyanide Analysis Guide we provide updated information on collecting and preserving samples, analytical interferences, and new ASTM and USEPA analytical methods. Cyanide (CN - ) is a highly poisonous ion that binds with the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase. This complex inhibits cellular respiration and energy production, resulting in cytotoxic hypoxia affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and heart. Death typically occurs from respiratory arrest following CNS failure. 1, 2, 3 Cyanide compounds are used in a wide range of industrial applications. Hydrogen cyanide is used in the production of nylon 6/6 and methyl methacrylate plastics. Potassium or sodium cyanide are used in mining operations to leach gold from ore. Cyanide salts are used in metal plating baths for electroplating of brass, bronze, cadmium, copper, gold, silver and zinc. Other industrial processes employing cyanide include; petroleum refining, steel production, microelectronics manufacturing, specialty chemical and pharmaceutical production. The acute toxicity and wide spread industrial usage of cyanide makes environmental testing critically important. Intentional contamination of drinking water or food products with cyanide is also a potential Homeland Security threat.
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